ESA’s Integral Gamma-ray Space Telescope played a crucial role in capturing jets of matter ejected into space at one-third the speed of light. Matter and energy were released when huge explosions occurred on the surface of A
neutron star
A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large (between 10 and 29 solar masses) star. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of just 10 – 20 kilometers (6 – 12 miles), they can have masses of about 1.3 – 2.5 that of the Sun.
” data-gt-translate-attributes=”({” attribute=”” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>neutron star. The world’s first observation turned out to be a “perfect experiment” for the study of astrophysical jets of all descriptions.
Jets are produced by many different astronomical objects, but they are difficult to study. These streams of matter are far away and seeing features in them is challenging. This makes it very difficult to track material moving along them to understand how the jet is launched and accelerated.
However, an international team of astronomers including Thomas Russell, National Institute of Astrophysics, INAF, Palermo, Italy, realized that certain types of neutron stars might be open to a new avenue of investigation.
Neutron stars are extremely compact stellar bodies. When in orbit with another star, the neutron star’s intense gravitational field can eventually pull material from its companion star. Some of this accreted material is somehow ejected into jets that race away along the neutron star’s spin axis, and the rest of the material rolls down into the neutron star. There it accumulates as a layer on the surface. As more and more material descends on the neutron star, the gravitational field compresses it until a runaway nuclear explosion begins. This creates a catastrophic event known as a type I X-ray burst.
The team reasoned that this sudden release of matter and energy from the surface of the neutron star would affect the jet, and that they could measure this disturbance as it propagated outward. If so, this would provide a powerful new method for studying these violent and energetic events. Today we know of about 125 neutron stars that behave this way.
“It basically gives us a perfect experiment,” says Thomas. “We have a very short burst of extra material shot into the jet that we can follow as it moves down the jet to learn about its speed.”
on the hunt
This is a crucial measurement because once enough accreting neutron stars have been studied, the velocity of the jet can reveal the dominant launch mechanism and show whether the jet is powered by magnetic fields anchored in the accreting material, or in the star itself. The team identified two neutron stars, called 4U 1728-34 and 4U 1636-536 respectively, that showed X-ray burst behavior. However, only 4U 1728-34 proved bright enough at radio wavelengths at that time to perform the experiment in the necessary detail.
Then there was a practical problem. While the explosions were visible in X-rays, the jet emitted only radio waves. So the team had to coordinate radio telescope observations of Earth to occur simultaneously with those of the Integral satellite, which can see in X-rays. But, it was impossible to predict exactly when one of these explosions was going to occur.
“These bursts repeat every two hours, but you can’t predict exactly when they will happen. So, you have to stare at the system for a long time with the telescopes, and hope you catch a few bursts,” says team member Jacob van den Einden,
University of Warwick
Founded in 1965 as part of a government initiative to expand higher education, the University of Warwick is a public research university with 29 academic departments and over 50 research centers and institutes. It is located on the outskirts of Coventry between the West Midlands and Warwickshire, England. It is known for its strong research and teaching in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The University of Warwick has a number of research centers and institutes focused on various fields, including economics, mathematics, and sustainability.
” data-gt-translate-attributes=”({” attribute=”” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>University of WarwickUK.
The radio observations were taken over three days with
CSIRO
CSIRO stands for the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. It is Australia’s national science agency and one of the largest research agencies in the world. CSIRO conducts research in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, health, energy, and the environment, and aims to use its research to create economic, environmental, and social benefits for Australia and the world.
” data-gt-translate-attributes=”({” attribute=”” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>CSIROAustralia’s Compact Telescope Array (ATCA), recording a total of about 30 hours of observing time between April 3-5, 2021. Integral viewed from space. It was the only high-energy mission capable of maintaining this long vigil. Its large and elongated orbit meant that it could stare at the celestial bone for many hours at a time. At the end of the observations, Integral captured 14 X-ray bursts from 4U 1728-34, 10 of which occurred when the source was visible to ATCA.
But there was a big surprise. “Based on what we had previously seen in X-ray data, we thought that the explosion would destroy the place where the jet was launched. But we saw just the opposite: strong input to the plane and no disruption,” says team member Nathalie Degner, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Obviously the jet mechanism was more powerful than they thought. The ability to track the extra material injected down the jet at radio wavelengths allowed the team to calculate that the material was launched at an incredible 35-40% of the speed of light.
“We have never been able to observe and observe directly how a certain amount of gas is transferred into a jet and accelerated into space,” says team member Erik Kvalkers, ESA project scientist.
A new method for aircraft research
Having now proven that this is possible, the technique will allow astronomers to study more X-ray bursting neutron stars. This will help them understand and connect the origin of jets to specific properties of neutron stars, such as their rotation rate and the amount of gas falling on their surface. For those who study such phenomena, these are the pressing questions. Answering them will affect studies beyond neutron stars because jets are generated by many astronomical objects.
From newly formed stars to supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies, jets can also be created by cataclysmic events such as supernova explosions and gamma-ray bursts. They play an important role throughout the universe, from transporting exotic elements synthesized in cosmic explosions into interstellar space, to heating surrounding gas clouds that change how and where new stars can form.
Since all astrophysical jets are thought to be launched in similar ways, namely by the interplay of matter with magnetic fields in rotating celestial bodies, the new results will have wide application in many studies of the cosmos. “This result opens a completely new window to understanding how astrophysical jets are activated, in neutron stars and also in other astronomical objects that produce jets,” says Eric.
#Integral #Space #Telescope #Detects #Massive #Nuclear #Explosions #Fueling #Neutron #Star #Jets
Unveiling the Secrets of Neutron Star Jets through ESA’s Integral Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Napatech Launches Private Placement to Raise NOK 200 Million
After the closing time of Oslo Børs on Tuesday, Napatech has launched a private placement in which the technology company will issue up to 9 million new shares. ABG Sundal Collier and SpareBank 1 Markets are acting as facilitators in the issue, which targets selected Norwegian and international investors.
Napatech’s share ended Tuesday at NOK 22.80, after a price drop of 8.1 percent. The subscription price and the final number of new shares to be issued in the magazine have not yet been confirmed.
Based on the closing share price on Tuesday, the company aims to raise around NOK 200 million.
So far this year, Napatech’s share is up 74 percent overall, raised by the company collaboration with the American giant Intel. At the end of April, the share was up to NOK 33.00 – a new high.
In addition to general company purposes, the proceeds will be used to fund growth opportunities arising from the company’s new partnership.
Strong interest
The company says that it has received signs of such great interest in the matter that only existing shareholders can expect to be given shares in the transaction.
Napatech’s largest shareholder pr. 3. can The private equity giant is Verdane Capital with 16.9 percent.
The Sundt family’s Sundt AS is listed with 12.3 percent, and Ludvig Lorentzen AS has 6.7 percent.
2024-05-07 15:04:53
#stock #market #rocket #raise #million
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Napatech Launches Private Placement to Raise NOK 200 Million
iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad: Live Multicam Functionality & Updates
2024-05-07 17:34:27
iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 is online, bringing the “Live Multicam” function.
At the iPad launch last night, Apple also announced the launch of Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad.Last year, Apple launched Final cut Pro has good reviews, and now the new version is coupled with the Apple M4 processor. For many creators who use tablets for video editing, the new iPad Pro as well as the iPad version of Final Cut Pro 2 will effectively improve the efficiency of the editing process. .
Users can also edit videos with the “real-time and intuitive” multi-touch functionality of Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad, and can also take advantage of Apple Pencil Pro’s new pinch gesture features, such as to ” Live drawing”. slightly to improve users’ editing efficiency. Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad takes full advantage of the iPad Pro’s USB-C interface and supports editing projects on external storage devices, meaning video projects don’t need to use iPad storage space and you can also process your own projects on external storage devices. storage devices. Transfer work to other partners to continue work and improve collaboration.
iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad is live, bringing “Live Multicam” functionality.
Apple has introduced the “Live Multicam” multi-camera shooting feature in the iPad version of Final Cut Pro 2. In conjunction with the Final Cut Camera video shooting program which will be launched later and has several professional settings, you can Wirelessly connect up to four iPhone or iPad devices to simultaneously view each shooting scene in real time in the iPad version of Final Cut Pro 2., and make various parameter adjustments to guide the shooting work. Apple said the preview clip will be instantly transferred to Final Cut Pro for iPad and the background will be replaced with a full-resolution file, allowing users to seamlessly transition from the production stage to the editing process. ‘editing. Additionally, Apple has also updated Logic Pro for iPad. New features include Session Player with AI capabilities and Stem Splitter which can split mixed recording content into four different parts.
iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad is live, bringing “Live Multicam” functionality.
iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad is live, bringing “Live Multicam” functionality.
The Mac version of Final Cut Pro has also been updated to some extent. The focus is on using AI to bring light and color enhancement features that can improve the color, tone, contrast and brightness of images with just one click, as well as in an intelligent way. Generate and blend frames and create Smooth Slo-Mo for high-quality slow motion videos.
iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad is live, bringing “Live Multicam” functionality.
Finally, Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad will be available later as a free update to existing users, while Final Cut Camera will be available for free as a standalone app later this spring. Logic Pro 2 for iPad will be available from. May 13 Available as a free update for existing users; Final Cut Pro 10.8 for Mac will also be available as a free update for existing users.
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#iPad #Final #Cut #Pro #iPad #live #bringing #Live #Multicam #functionality
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iPad 2024 | Final Cut Pro 2 for iPad: Live Multicam Functionality & Updates