Europeans, accountant Pizzulo on Cateno De Luca’s list
I’m here in Sicily because I answered the call of South calls North Of Cateno De Luca. I started from the North and landed in Catania. I’m coming from Cerro al Lambro, which is located in the province of Milan. It is a small town of around 5,000 inhabitants. There they are municipal councilor.
I joined the Freedom project, because never more than now is there a need for freedom, but for the Freedom of pluralities, where everyone is part of the system, no one excluded. Today, we start again not only from Sicily, from the south of Italy, but from the south of Europe. on the wings of freedom, to arrive in Brussels. Precisely in these same days of May 1787 he was present in Sicily, on the land of “lavas that have not yet been tamed by time”. Goethe, he too, like me, arrived at Catania on May 4th and following “good advice”, like me, he continued his journey towards Taormina.
What a pleasant coincidence. Goethe undertook his journey to Italy “called” by Italy, by Southern Europe, by Southern Italy. We can define it as a pre-South calls North. He came to Italy to find the freedom to be reborn as an artist fleeing from the environments of Central Europe where he felt suffocated. He came to Italy to seek the roots of art: he was looking for the Italy of the Magna Graecia of the Romans. He returned to Europe trained. Now we set off again towards the North appointed “sentinels of Freedom”.
We will have to be “characterizers” of Freedom, because freedom can be conservative when it defends the freedoms already acquired; it can be radical, when it conquers freedoms that are still denied; it can be reactionary if it recovers lost freedoms and it can be revolutionary if there are no alternatives. In the end, freedom is always progressive because without freedom there is no progress. We are located at Fiumedinisi which is in the province of Messina and the phrases just said on the types of freedom, which we have been awarded with the role of sentinels, are from a very famous politician and economist from Messina: Antonio Martino. In the end, all these coincidences seem to prove us right: the starting point towards Europe is the South of Italy and the compass to follow is Freedom. Everything comes back.
*European candidate in the North-West constituency of the Southern List calls Nord, municipal councilor in Cerro al Lambro and accountant
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EU increases dependence on Russian fertilizers
– 2024-05-06 23:57:50
Since its inception war in Ukrainethe EU may have reduced its dependence on Russia for natural gas from 45% to 15%, but it continues to buy another strategic commodity in bulk from Moscow: the fertilizers.
Russia exported 20.65 billion dollars worth of fertilizers to the EU last year, far outstripping second place Canada (13.73 billion) and China (11.38 billion).
Fertilizers are key element for the development of the agricultural sector and is therefore a critical good for the EU economy.
According to official data from Eurostat, the total imports of nitrogen fertilizers in the EU showed increase the 2022-2023 growing season and one third came from Russia.
Imports have increased even more this year and according to Eurostat, in February alone the EU bought 521,000 tonnes of Russian fertiliser, 16% more than last year and the highest figures since December 2022.
The European Commission explains that, although many fertilizers are subject to sanctions, “there is no ban on many categories of these products”.
Europeans are worried
The European companies in the sector have expressed concern about this trend. In December 2023, Norwegian chemical company Yara even claimed that “Russia and Putin are using fertilizers and food as weapons.” Svein Tore Holsetter o, the company’s general manager, said that “we should not be naive and we know what can happen next … if there are shocks in the supply we should not be surprised.”
Holsetter argued that Europe is in the same situation with fertilizers today as it was with energy just before the war in Ukraine. At the time, Germany and other countries in the center and east of the continent had turned to cheap Russian gas, making their markets more competitive. However, the conflict revealed that such a decisive commitment would leave these countries in a bad position if Russia decided, in the context of a geopolitical conflict, to turn off the tap.
“Europe has been able to reduce its energy dependence on Russia in a very short time, yes, but also at a huge cost and pain for households and companies,” Yara’s CEO explained, adding: “I am very concerned because almost as if sleepwalking, we are repeating exactly the same mistakes as with energy, with fertilizers.”
In theory, member states must revise their plans to gradually reduce their dependence on Russian fertilizers, which has not happened in the last year.
Vicious circle
Experts at the Energy Policy Center argue that it is precisely this nexus between energy, fertilizer, global food security and inflation that prevents more action from being taken and makes weaning off Russia impossible. “It’s a vicious cycle, electricity and fuel are consumed for irrigation, processing and packaging, while fertilizers increase crop yields.” Consequently, higher energy increases the price of fertilizers and, consequently, that of crops.
“The distortions that occurred in 2022 in the fertilizer market could cause a global crisis,” so it makes sense to want to mitigate this damage at any cost,” the Energy Policy Center reports. From lows in 2021, fertilizer prices shot up 165% in 2022, according to Bloomberg data. Since then, as the market has normalized after years of war, the value of this product has fallen by 48%. And, although they are still 30% above their pre-war levels, the reality is that they are already trading in a range much closer to their historical average.
Fertilizers and climate change
Heing Jaa de Zeuv, energy analyst at Rabobank, explained in a recent report that “European industry is experiencing a moment of drastic change, particularly in nitrogen, with an ambitious new climate regulation”. These factors mean that the sector is entering a completely decisive moment where it is already suffering from higher gas prices and is therefore also on the verge of significant risks.
The World Economic Forum goes a step further and argues that the war “caused shortages of essential crop fertilizers, undermining food security around the world.”
In this sense, the foundation points out that for this reason the same sanctions as with other critical products from Russia have not been imposed. “For these reasons, fertilizers have not been included in other measures designed to isolate Russia.” And, although there was a clear desire to reduce dependence on Moscow at the outset, the shortage has intensified “due to export restrictions imposed by China throughout 2023.”
The Asian country has cut fertilizer sales by 50% in 2022 and, to secure its supply, has banned some exports abroad. China accounts for nearly 30% of the world’s fertilizer supply.
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EU increases dependence on Russian fertilizers – 2024-05-06 23:57:50
Roche vs. ABL Bio: Bispecific Antibody BBB Shuttle Platform Performance Update
What is the current status of the ‘Roche/ABL Bio’ bispecific antibody BBB shuttle platform performance?
[이데일리 김진호 기자] Roche of Switzerland is leading the development of a new dual antibody drug for Alzheimer’s using a brain delivery platform. The company is trying again with the bispecific antibody ‘Trontinemab’, which increased the delivery rate to the brain by adding an additional antibody to ‘Gantenerumab’, which had failed in phase 3 at the time. went away
That is why interest is focused on companies that have an antibody-based transport platform (shuttle) that can pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to develop new drugs for diseases degenerative brain. In Korea ABL Bio (298380)Like Roche, it has acquired its own drug-based shuttle platform and is conducting clinical trials for a new drug for Parkinson’s disease.
According to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry on the 3rd, Roche has again targeted Alzheimer’s with a double antibody. Of the nine new bispecific antibody drugs approved so far in major countries, eight have indications for blood cancer. Only Roche’s macular degeneration treatment drug ‘Bavismo’ (ingredient name farisimab) has attracted attention for other indications. Alzheimer’s (dementia) is the disease that Roche focused on to expand the base of its double antibodies.
In April last year, Roche announced that interim results from phase 1/2 clinical trials of trontinemab confirmed the presence of beta amyloid plaques in the brains of 5 out of 8 Alzheimer’s patients treated with the drug disappeared after 12 weeks. Trontinemab is a dual antibody that combines a shuttle antibody that targets the BBB and gantanerumab that targets amyloid beta. There were no cases of cerebral edema, a major side effect of existing Alzheimer’s treatments, in patients receiving trontinemab.
According to the industry, it is known that it will take 6 months to 1 year for the new Alzheimer’s drug ‘Lechembe’ (ingredient name: lecanemab) or ‘Donanemab’ at Eli Lilly, a new drug candidate that has completed phase 3 , to remove amyloid beta. plaques Roche hopes that its trontinemab will be able to surpass the effectiveness of existing products, as it can eliminate substances that cause Alzheimer’s in just 4 months. The BBB shuttle platform that made this possible is attention grabbing.
The BBB normally plays a role in protecting unnecessary proteins from entering the brain. However, when treating patients with degenerative brain diseases, the BBB acts as a barrier that prevents the entry of drugs.
To overcome this, Roche designed a brain delivery platform that uses an antibody that binds to ‘human transferrin receptor 1’ as a BBB shuttle. When the BBB shuttle antibody, a component of trontinemab, binds to human transferase receptor 1, it penetrates the BBB membrane and enters the brain. Then, another component, gantarunemab, targets and attacks beta amyloid plaques.
Last November, Roche published the results of a POC study on the efficacy of trontenemab on the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) medical database ‘Pubmed’. According to the study, the company compared trontinemab and gantarunemab in primates. At this time, trontinemab and gantarunemab were given in doses of 10 mg and 20 mg per kg, respectively.
As a result, it was determined that trontinemab given at half the dose was at least 4 times and up to 18 times more in the primate brain than gantarunemab. This proved the way in which trontinemab, which has increased permeability into the brain, can be effective in eliminating amyloid beta.
A researcher in the field of new depression drug development said, “Gantanerumab failed in phase 3 because it did not meet the cognitive function improvement index,” and added, “Roche must have been confident in its effectiveness with that he researched for 20 years from the initial discovery of this substance to clinical trials.” “Yes,” he said. He went on to explain, “Ultimately, we believed that by simply increasing the delivery rate of the brain, we could show an effect in terms of improving cognitive function beyond that Lechembe, and we seem to be reborn as a bispecific antibody called trontinemab.
In Korea, ABL Bio discovered ‘ABL-301’, a new dual-drug candidate for Parkinson’s disease that incorporates its own BBB shuttle platform. The company attracted attention in 2022 by signing a technology transfer deal worth 1.3 trillion won with France’s Sanofi for global development rights for ABL-301. ABL-301 is currently undergoing phase 1 clinical trials in the United States and other countries led by Sanofi, and according to ABL Bio, preliminary clinical trial results are expected to be available in the second half of the year this.
ABL Bio has acquired an antibody targeting ‘insulin-like growth receptor 1’ (IGF1R), which has a high level of expression on the surface of the BBB, using the BBB shuttle. The company calls this BBB shuttle the ‘Grabbody-B’ platform.
According to the results of a preclinical study on primates announced by ABL Bio in 2021, the brain delivery efficiency of ABL-301 via Grabbody-B was analyzed to be approximately 13 times higher than a general monoclonal antibody without BBB shuttle antibody.
An official in the dual antibody new drug development industry said, “There is no data directly comparing Roche’s brain permeability and ABL’s BBB Shuttle platform with the same antibody. However, both companies present preclinical results that increase the delivery rate to the brain more than 10 times,” he said, “How efficacy of Roche’s BBB shuttle in humans was confirmed through interim results phase 1/2 clinical trials for trontinemab, for now, Roche is the leading company in this field.” “You could say we are standing on the front line,” he said.
He continued, “If the BBB shuttle platform proves effective in clinical trials and a new drug in use receives accelerated approval, the platform has the potential to be expanded to all areas of degenerative brain disease.” marketing proof of the platform,” he said.
2024-05-06 22:19:02
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Roche vs. ABL Bio: Bispecific Antibody BBB Shuttle Platform Performance Update