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9:00 a.m. Friday, January 12, 2024
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes memory, thinking and behavior problems and is the most common cause of dementia in adults worldwide.
Alzheimer’s disease is thought to be caused by the buildup of abnormal proteins in the brain called plaques and filamentous patches. These proteins damage nerve cells and lead to their death.
According to the Daily Mail, Dutch scientists came to this conclusion after studying proteins found in the cerebrospinal fluid, that is, the brain and spine, of more than 400 Alzheimer’s patients.
They found five different subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease, each with potential clinical implications for treatment.
One variant has been found to cause abnormally high growth of brain cells, which boosts the production of abnormal proteins that cause Alzheimer’s disease.
Patients with this subtype had the longest life expectancy compared to other subtypes, living an average of nine years after diagnosis.
The second category of Alzheimer’s disease was caused by problems with the brain’s internal immune system, while the third category was related to problems with protein production in the brain.
Subtype IV was associated with problems with the blood supply to the brain, while type V had problems with the blood-brain barrier, the cell boundaries that normally prevent larger substances from reaching the brain’s delicate tissues.
Patients with subtype III had the worst disease progression and lived on average only five and a half years after diagnosis.
Some specific proteins in each subtype have also been linked to certain genes, meaning some people are naturally more susceptible to developing a type of Alzheimer’s disease.
The team said the findings may explain why some previously tested Alzheimer’s drugs have failed in the lab or performed poorly in clinical trials despite promising results. They called for further studies to reanalyze old clinical trials to test whether certain treatments might have specific benefits for certain subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease.
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