2024-04-29 17:42:00
The word depression has been used for about 350 years, however experts do not agree on what it is, how to define it or what causes it. Many agree that depression is not a single thing but a large family of diseases with different causes and mechanisms. This makes choosing the best treatment for each person a challenge.
One strategy is to look for subtypes of depression and see if they might improve with different types of treatments. An example is to contrast reactive depression, also considered social or psychological depression, which is presented as triggered by exposure to external stressful life events. with endogenous depression also considered biological or genetic depression caused by something internal, such as genes or brain chemistry.
While stressful life events and genes can individually contribute to causing depression, they also interact to increase someone’s risk of developing depression. And evidence shows that there is a genetic component to exposure to stressors. Some genes affect things like personality. Some affect the way we interact with our environment.
Given these statements, a team set out to observe the role of genes and stressors to see if it was valid to classify depression as reactive or endogenous. During this Australian study on the genetics of depression, published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, people with depression answered surveys about exposure to stressful life events. They analyzed DNA from their saliva samples to calculate their genetic risk for mental disorders.
You may be wondering why they calculated the genetic risk of mental disorders in people who already suffer from depression. Each person has genetic variants linked to mental disorders. Some people have more, some less. Even people who already have depression may have a low genetic risk for it. These people may have developed their particular depression from some other constellation of causes.
They looked at genetic risk for conditions other than depression for two reasons. First, genetic variants linked to depression overlap with those linked to other mental disorders. Second, two people with depression can have completely different genetic variants.
If reactive and endogenous depression subtypes are valid, people with a lower genetic component to their depression (the reactive group) would report more stressful life events. And those with a greater genetic component (the endogenous group) would report fewer stressful life events.
But after studying more than 14,000 people with depression they found the opposite. People at higher genetic risk for depression, anxiety, ADHD or schizophrenia report being exposed to more stressors. Weapon assault, sexual assault, accidents, legal and financial problems, and child abuse and neglect were more common in people with a higher genetic risk for depression, anxiety, ADHD or schizophrenia.
These associations were not strongly influenced by people’s age, sex, or relationships with family. They did not analyze other factors that may influence these associations, such as socioeconomic level. They also relied on people’s memory of past events, which may not be accurate.
Genetic risk for mental disorders changes people’s sensitivity to the environment, and suffering from mental disorders could also increase the likelihood that people will be in environments where bad things happen. For example, a higher genetic risk for depression could affect self-esteem, making people more likely to enter into dysfunctional relationships that later end badly.
The findings first suggest that genes and the environment are not independent. Genes influence the environments we end up in and what happens next. Genes also influence how we react to those events. Second, the study does not support a distinction between reactive and endogenous depression. Genes and environment have a complex interaction. Most cases of depression are a mix of genetics, biology, and stressors. Third, people with depression who appear to have a stronger genetic component to their depression report that their lives are marked by more severe stressors.
Therefore, clinically, people with greater genetic vulnerability could benefit from learning specific techniques to manage their stress. This could help some people reduce their chances of developing depression. It may also help some people with depression reduce their ongoing exposure to stressors.
#Depression #mix #genetics #biology #stress
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UNICEF and Health Care Authority in Egypt Collaborate to Improve Maternal and Child Health
” UNICEF in Egypt,” Dr. Moataz Saleh, Director of the Nutrition Program at UNICEF, and Dr. Mutreb Jan. , Assistant Director of the Health Program and Acting Director of the Child Development and Permanence Division at UNICEF, at the organization’s headquarters in Cairo.
Dr. Ahmed Al-Sabki praised UNICEF’s role in Egypt and its efforts to support the services provided by the health care sector in Egypt, praising the organization’s fruitful collaboration with the Health Care Authority in the last time in programs that focused on maternal and child health. and nutrition and awareness programs for them in the governors to implement the system.
The meeting discussed several areas of cooperation between the two sides of common interest, including the enhancement of the national role of the Health Care Authority in providing services and high level health care to brothers from the State Palestine, and guests from other Sudanese countries. , Syria and Yemen, by supporting the development and meeting the needs of hospitals affiliated to the Authority to enhance its ability to provide them with the best services and health care, ensure stability and to the Authority’s resources.
The meeting discussed cooperation to evaluate the services provided by the Health Care Authority, related to maternal and child health in the governments of the first stage of the implementation of the comprehensive health insurance system ( Port Said, Luxor, Ismailia, South Sinai, Aswan, Suez) , and continue the development of their health indicators, as well as cooperation to develop specific work guidelines in this area according to the latest international standards to contribute to the implementation of the best practices and provide the best care for maternal and child health, especially with the expansion of the implementation of comprehensive health insurance in the second governorates of “Damietta, Matrouh, Kafr El-Sheikh, Minya , and North Sinai” in the near future.
The meeting discussed cooperation to train and build the capacities of health workers in health facilities under the Decent Life Initiative and regulators of the second phase of the implementation of the comprehensive health insurance system, noting that the second phase of the implementation of the system will benefit 12 million citizens. He also pointed out that the health projects of The Decent Life Initiative, which aims to improve many health facilities according to the standards of health facilities in the comprehensive health insurance system, accelerate the pace of implementation of the system and extend it to all governments the Republic.
Dr. Ahmed Al-Sabki emphasized the importance of strengthening cooperation with international organizations to increase access to sustainable health development and achieve the goals of Egypt’s 2030 strategy Egypt and cooperate to keep up with it the latest developments, emphasizing further cooperation in the coming period between parties.
For his part, the representative of the United Nations “UNICEF in Egypt” praised the role of the General Authority for Health Care in the rapid development of the health care sector in Egypt, and its achievements and success in many aspects of the development of Egypt. health care sector, including the development of infrastructure and health information, and the development of medical service packages using the latest therapeutic technologies, applying the concepts of clinical management, mechanization and digital transformation of services, increasing international cooperation, and many other aspects.
Mr Jeremy Hopkins said, in collaboration with the Health Care Authority, we have been successful in achieving achievements in many files, including child-friendly facilities, including promoting green transformation and sustainability, improving indicators of nutrition and maternal and child health, as well as digital. Hopkins continued, saying, “We are proud to collaborate with… The Healthcare Authority is the main branch of the Egyptian state in controlling and organizing the provision of healthcare services health for citizens in the governments, implementing the comprehensive health insurance system and expanding its services throughout Egypt by 2030.”
2024-05-05 19:04:52
#Healthcare #collaborate #UNICEF #train #build #staff #Find #details
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Effectiveness of Quartz Lamps for Treating Colds: Separating Fact from Fiction
2024-05-05 16:30:00
Otolaryngologist K. Gamzatov said in a conversation with “Ribbon» about the effectiveness of a common method of treating colds – the use of a quartz lamp.
© Ekaterina Lapina / Shutterstock/FOTODOM
According to him, some people use a quartz lamp to prevent viral infections. But the doctor believes that the effectiveness of this method has not been scientifically proven.
Quartz lamps generate UV radiation that kills fungi, pathogenic microbes and viruses. Previously, in physiotherapy rooms they were used to treat diseases of the nose and throat. However, according to recent research, topical application of UV rays has no effect on the duration of illnesses. In addition, it negatively affects the nasal mucosa. As the doctor noted, when a quartz lamp interacts with oxygen, ozone is formed – a gas that irritates the upper respiratory tract.
The specialist explained that open-type quartz lamps are used to disinfect air and surfaces in medical institutions. They are not suitable for use at home: they cannot be used when people are indoors, and if a person does not know the rules of quartzing and does not follow safety precautions, he or she may experience harm. burning of the skin or retina of the eyes.
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#GISMETEO #quartz #lamp #ARVI #Doctors #opinion #Science #space
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Effectiveness of Quartz Lamps for Treating Colds: Separating Fact from Fiction