Blood transfusions save lives. But there is a chronic shortage of canned goods. Now Scandinavian researchers have found a new approach.
29 different blood groups are known today. Most of them are very rare. The four most important are A, B, AB and 0. The most common blood types are A Rhesus positive and 0 Rhesus positive (37 and 35 percent).
- You can read everything you need to know about blood groups and the Rhesus factor here.
If a person needs a blood transfusion, it must either be from their blood group or from blood group 0. The latter is considered universal blood. Because if blood groups A and B mix, the body reacts by forming antibodies. As a result, the blood clumps together, which can be fatal if transfused. An exception is blood group 0. It is not identified as foreign due to a missing sugar molecule and can therefore be used universally.
Scandinavian researchers have now succeeded in converting blood groups A and B into universal group 0. They focused on the intestinal bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, which stabilizes the intestinal mucosa. In it they found enzymes that convert certain antigens on the red blood cells in such a way that blood group 0 is created.
Enzymes change the blood type
“We report the discovery of remarkably efficient enzymes that act not only against A and B antigens, but also against their appendages,” write the study authors, according to the knowledge portal scinexx.de. The whole process takes no more than 30 minutes and is very safe.
This method makes it possible to increase the availability of donor blood and simplify blood logistics for rare blood groups, argue the researchers, who have now published their results in the journal “Nature Microbiology”.
Experts definitely see potential in the new process. Hematologist Markus M. Müller from the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main emphasizes in the “Science Media Center”: “The results of the study are interesting from a scientific and health care perspective.”
However, we now have to wait for the results of animal experiments. Müller: “Questions arise such as: Do the erythrocytes treated in this way (red blood cells, Anm. d. Red.) elicit an immune reaction in the recipient? Maybe only after repeated use? How long do such pretreated erythrocytes survive in the recipient? How well do these erythrocytes flow through the smallest capillaries?”
Further research will now follow.
Researchers succeed in converting it into universal blood – 2024-05-01 12:21:27
Study Shows COVID Vaccines Prevented 2.4 Million Additional Deaths Until August 2021: USC and Brown University Researchers
The development of the vaccines safe and effective which contributed to the pandemic corona virus he was slowing down. A study that appeared in 141 countries vaccination prevented 2.4 million deaths higher until August 2021, according to researchers from the University of Southern California (USC) and the Brown University, in the United States.
As the virus continues to circulate around the world, Increasing doses are recommendedespecially in people who are at greater risk of suffering serious illnesses.
There may be some vaccine applications side effects. But, The benefits of vaccination have always outweighed the risksas confirmed in the clinical trials that evaluated the inoculants before they were approved by national regulatory authorities.
I agree with you United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects.
“Side effects after receiving the COVID vaccine vary from person to person. The most common are usually mild, such as pain in the area where the vaccine was given,” CDC experts said.
Lose Side effects usually disappear within a few days and tend to be mild and temporary., such as those experienced after vaccinations that were common before COVID. “Even if you don’t have any side effects, your body is creating a defense against the virus that causes COVID-19,” explained CDC experts.
Serious allergic reactions after vaccination are rare, but can be life-threatening. Symptoms may include:
- Anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening reaction that must be treated with epinephrine (EpiPen) and may require hospitalization. Symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breathing, or low blood pressure; and sometimes fingers.
- Inflammation of the airways, including the tongue, uvula, or larynx.
- A generalized skin rash that affects the skin and inside places such as the mouth or nose and requires hospitalization.
- If these reactions occur, seek medical attention immediately.
Regarding the messenger RNA vaccines for COVIDthe CDC specifically reported that common side effects after application may include: pain, discomfort, redness at the injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain partial, chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
In infants and young children, common symptoms include irritability or crying, decreased appetite, and sleepiness.
In different countries, the vaccine “ChAdOx1-S”, developed by the University of Oxford and the company AstraZenecain the United Kingdom, which used a dissimilar viral vector platform.
The company recently admitted that one of the side effects may be related to the thrombosis syndrome with thrombocytopenia. He admitted this in a series of legal documents filed at a trial pending in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
COVID-19 desarrollada por la Universidad de Oxford y AstraZeneca se ha asociado con el síndrome de trombosis con trombocitopenia. Es poco frecuente/ EFE/Hotli Simanjuntak/Archivo ” height=”600″ width=”900″ class=”” src=”https://i0.wp.com/www.infobae.com/new-resizer/BXkHg639fjdGQKgDB9aJ94XnDLU=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae/public/L4L3KRAL6ZG6JNKPF3TF73TW2Q.jpg?resize=900%2C600&ssl=1″ data-amp-auto-lightbox-disable=”true” data-hero=”true” layout=”responsive” data-recalc-dims=”1″https://www.world-today-news.com/>
In 2021, scientists from the company had published the report ‘Very rare thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after the second dose of AZD1222: an analysis of the global safety database’. The document noted that “since the launch of the vaccine, very rare cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome have been reported. “
The link between the vaccine and the condition was also identified in a study published in 2022 by the scientific journal The British Medical Journal. The work analyzed a number of suspicious cases in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.
However, the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, a group of experts who provide independent and well-founded guidance to the World Health Organization (WHO) on the safe use of vaccines, considered the following in 2022: “A new type of very rare adverse event, called thrombosis syndrome with thrombocytopenia, after giving this vaccine. This syndrome includes severe and rare blood coagulation disorders associated with low platelet counts. “
The Committee’s experts also believed that “in the countries where SARS-CoV-2 transmission is currently recorded, The benefits of getting vaccinated far outweigh the risks.with the protection provided by the vaccine against COVID-19″.
The drug regulatory authority is in the United Kingdom It has also informed the public about the possibility of side effects with the administration of the vaccine developed by Oxford / AstraZeneca in 2023.
“It was seen very rare cases of blood clots with low levels of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia syndrome) after vaccination with AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine. This included some serious cases of blood clots in different or unusual places and excessive clotting or bleeding throughout the body. Most of these cases occurred in the first 3 weeks after vaccination, but some were reported after this period,” he said.
2024-04-30 21:50:00
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The Essential Vaccination Program in the DRC: Achievements, Challenges, and the Role of the Media
2024-05-01 10:23:00
The 14th edition of SAV, placed under the theme ”The essential vaccination program in the 50th year”, with the slogan ”Vaccinated societies, healthy societies”, provides the opportunity to raise awareness in society to support vaccination activities in order to protect children from preventable diseases. Fifty years after the establishment of the expanded vaccination program in the world and especially in the DRC, results have been achieved in the response to preventable diseases through vaccination.
As an illustration, the DRC has recorded enormous progress, notably the eradication of smallpox in 1978, its declaration as a country free from the circulation of wild poliovirus in 2015 and 2018. The country achieved elimination status for maternal and neonatal tetanus. The introduction of new vaccines against yellow fever, viral hepatitis, pneumococcal infections, gastroenteritis and measles is also part of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in the DRC.
But alongside these compelling results, bottlenecks persist in the response to the fight against polio and other vaccine-preventable diseases. In terms of challenges, EPI noted the persistence of zero-dose and under-vaccinated children, low completion of vaccination sessions, managing the infodemic, strengthening community dynamics in favor of vaccination, installing community-based committees in the provinces…
“The DRC reported 827,754 children with zero doses and 963,318 children who are under-vaccinated, because all the vaccines included in the vaccination schedule increase the immunity of each of them unsafe areas…“, acknowledged the head of department responsible for supervision and information at PEV, Brave Kassongo.
Faced with these challenges, PEV believes that it is possible to change the situation on the ground with the involvement of the media. Hence the call launched to journalists, members of the Child Friendly Journalists Network, during the information day organized for them on April 30 at the PEV headquarters in Kinshasa, as part of the celebration of the 14th edition of the SAV. All the speakers at this briefing with the press, namely Dr Bertin Lora from PEV, head of the department responsible for supervision and information at PEV, Brave Kassongo, and head of the training and guidance department at PEV, Dominique Aleko, were all unanimous about the important role of the media in raising awareness among the community to take ownership of vaccination activities.
“The media are the best channels for us to reach their community will allow us to advise parents to vaccinate children with zero doses or who are too late for vaccination, to provide good information about complete vaccination of children and pregnant women In addition, the media will allow us to encourage parents to vaccinate their children and teach them what to do in case of side effects arising from vaccination. explained Dominique Aleko.
Note that vaccination is the only means of protecting children against polio to prevent acute flaccid paralysis if not vaccinated. All parents are therefore invited to support vaccination activities by allowing their child to be vaccinated during the routine sessions.
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#African #Immunization #Week #progress #fight #preventable #diseases #vaccination
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The Essential Vaccination Program in the DRC: Achievements, Challenges, and the Role of the Media