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Jakarta –
Do investigators know what a camera obscura is? This tool is the ancestor of the photo camera.
Obscura means dark space in Latin. The camera obscura has been around since 400 BC. BC, perhaps even longer.
The earliest written mention of a camera obscura comes from a Chinese philosopher named Mo-tzu (or Mozi) in 400 BC. He found that light from an illuminated object passing through a pinhole into a dark room produces an inverted image of the original object.
In the 4th century B.C. In the 4th century BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle realized that partial solar eclipses could be observed by looking at the ground beneath a tree. The crescent moon shape of the eclipse was partially projected onto the ground through the holes in the screen and through the gaps between the leaves, so he could see it safely.
Some other scientists experimented with light passing through small holes, but it was not until the 11th century that viewing screens were used to view inverted images. Alhazen (or Ibn al-Haytham) is considered to be the inventor of the camera obscura and the pinhole camera, which were based on the same idea.
Ibn al-Haytham conducted experiments with candles and explained how shadows are created by straight rays of light.
Four centuries later, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) proposed that the human eye was like a camera obscura. He later published the first clear description of a camera obscura in the Codex Atlanticus (1502).
Then an Italian scholar named Giambattista della Porta (1535-1615) came along and added a concave lens near where the light enters the pinhole.
A few years later, Johannes Kepler first used the term camera obscura in 1604. Kepler used the camera obscura for astronomical applications and created a portable version that he carried with him as a tent to survey Upper Austria.
The camera obscura may now be described, named, and even improved, but it’s still a pretty big thing to carry around. This led to the emergence of portable, box-like versions used by many artists such as Vermeer and Canaletto in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Invention of the camera obscura concept
Ibn al-Haytham was born in Basra, Iraq in 965. Citing ibnalhaytham.com, the Muslim scholar first examined the properties of light and the mechanism or process of vision.
Based on his observations of light entering a dark space, Ibn al-Haytham made a major breakthrough in the understanding of light and vision. His discovery led to a significant revision of ancient views about how the human eye sees.
According to Ibn al-Haytham, light is an important and independent part of the visual process. He concluded that vision is possible only when light rays leave a luminous source or are reflected from that source before entering the eye.
He then explained the nature of light and vision using a dark room called “Albeit Almuzlim”, whose Latin translation is “camera obscura” and is a device that forms the basis of photography.
Ibn al-Haytham’s discoveries and works also influenced medieval and Renaissance European thinkers such as Roger Bacon, René Descartes and Christian Huygens, who knew him as Alhazen.
Watch the video “Take a look at the sophistication of Sony’s latest lenses and cameras.”
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