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Research results published on November 29, 2023 in the journal Physical Review D show that dark matter from black holes can be used as a reactor to supply energy. How to?
As we know, black holes are stars that are destroyed by the attraction of gravitational forces. It is called a black hole because this space object can absorb everything around it, even light.
The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that objects drawn into it cannot get back out.
Through research, physicists then proposed two ways to make black holes a future energy source.
They estimated the process of generating energy from black holes based on their rotational and gravitational properties.
“We know that we can extract energy from black holes, and we also know that we can inject energy into them, which almost sounds like a battery,” said Zhan Feng Mai, a researcher at the Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Live Sciencequoted on Sunday (December 31, 2023).
Black holes filled with electrically charged particles
In the first hypothesis, the study explains that black holes can be filled with massive electrically charged particles.
These charges are sucked in, so the black hole has its own electric field that can begin to repel additional charges. When this electromagnetic repulsion is greater than the black hole’s gravitational pull, scientists consider it a “fully charged” hole.
This is consistent with Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which states that all mass can be considered equivalent and is the same unit as energy.
In this case, the energy in the black hole comes from a combination of the electric charge injected into the black hole and the mass of the electric charge.
“The black hole battery (will) convert the mass energy of the particles into charge energy,” Feng Mai explained.
The researchers then calculated an efficiency of the energy charging process of 25 percent. This means that a black hole battery can convert about a quarter of its input mass into available energy in the form of an electric field.
This would mean the battery efficiency would be around 250 times higher than that of a nuclear bomb. To extract the resulting energy, the researchers used a process called superradiance.
The process is based on the theory that spacetime, pulled around the rotation of a black hole, rotates due to the black hole’s strong gravitational field.
Gravitational or electromagnetic waves that enter the black hole’s rotation range are also expected to be entrained. But assuming they haven’t crossed the black hole’s event horizon, or the boundary beyond which nothing, not even light, can pass.
“(As it passes through) some waves could be deflected with more energy than they carry,” the researchers wrote.
This process would convert the black hole’s rotational energy, determined by its mass, into deflected waves.
Energy production from atomic repulsion forces
Another method of harnessing the energy of black holes is to extract this energy in the form of oscillator pairs, or paired particles, which form spontaneously due to the presence of an electric field.
Feng Mai explained that if researchers started with a completely filled black hole, the electric field near the event horizon could be very strong. It then spontaneously creates electrons and positrons, or atoms that are similar to electrons but have opposite charges.
When a black hole is positively charged, positrons are ejected from the black hole due to repulsive forces. In theory, the released particles can be collected as energy to form rechargeable batteries from nuclear reactors.
“We think of black holes as places where quantum mechanics and gravity should come together,” said Daniele Faccio, a physicist at the University of Glasgow.
Feng Mai said he doesn’t know if we will ever see such a battery. However, this theoretical study provided insights into the theoretical extraction of energy from black holes.
“If we look at it from an energy mining perspective, we can better understand what’s going on,” Faccio said.
Watch the video “Largest Black Hole Found, Larger Than the Sun.”
(Tut tut)
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