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According to the algorithm, the figure of St. Joseph was painted by a hand other than Raphael, wrote The Guardian.
Raphael’s authorship of the entire painting of the Madonna and Rose began to be doubted in the 19th century because the figure of St. Joseph in the background stood out from the scene with the Virgin Mary, the baby Jesus and John the Baptist.
Some experts have concluded that Raphael painted only part of the painting – it has been speculated that not only the painting of Joseph, but also the part of the painting in the foreground with the lying rose petal has a different author.
Developers from Ostrava want to revive historical characters using artificial intelligence
Image understanding at a microscopic level
For the new analysis, Hassan Ugail’s team used artificial intelligence and had detailed data on 49 paintings for which Raphael’s authorship is assured. This allows the software to recognize the artist’s authentic works with 98 percent accuracy.
“The computer examines the images in enormous detail. It’s not just about faces, the AI examines all parts and learns about color, shades, saturation and brush strokes. “She understands the painting on an almost microscopic level and so has studied the key features of Raphael’s handwriting,” Ugail said.
In the case of the Madonna with the Rose, tests have shown that the work is 60 percent by Raphael. The computer then looked at the painting piece by piece, after which the AI determined that Raphael Santi had not painted the saint’s face. Josefa – the researchers summarized the arguments in an article for the journal Heritage Science (the text appeared on December 21st).
“Artificial intelligence analysis has proven that the figures of the Virgin Mary, Jesus and John the Baptist were undoubtedly painted by Raphael, but the figure of Saint Joseph was not and was created by someone else,” explained Howell Edwards, another co- Author of the study.
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